基于肥满度-最大养殖收益的底播养殖虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)养殖容量评估及养殖区区划     

南学良  魏皓  蒋增杰  张海彦  聂红涛 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(3):778-788

养殖容量评估是合理规划养殖区的基础。基于虾夷扇贝养殖生态系统模型,模拟了2006年12月至2017年11月不同放苗密度下底播养殖虾夷扇贝的生长情况。在考虑肥满度对虾夷扇贝养殖收益的影响下,计算最大养殖收益及其对应的最适放苗密度和养殖容量,并通过最大养殖收益及其年际差异的聚类分析结果进行养殖区区划。结果表明:考虑扇贝肥满度的养殖收益能很好的抵消扇贝品质对养殖收益的影响;底播养殖虾夷扇贝的养殖容量和最适放苗密度有明显的时空差异,獐子岛和小长山岛之间并向长海海域东北部延伸的条带海域是高收益区;中收益区在高收益区南北两侧;低收益区位于研究区西北部和南中收益区南部;研究区南部由于饵料匮乏导致扇贝生长缓慢,为不适宜养殖区。开阔海域养殖容量也是有限的,片面增加放苗密度并不能达到增产增收的效果。研究结果可为合理规划和管理养殖区提供参考。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)循环水养殖系统中养殖效果及菌群结构和功能研究     

唐亚鹏  董世瑞  田吉腾  周茜  王印庚  张天时 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(2):466-474

循环水养殖可有效减少病原体的入侵,是我国水产养殖业发展的重要方向。为完善凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)循环水养殖系统,采用生态调控、16S rRNA高通量测序、宏基因组学分析与数理统计等方法,系统分析了对虾循环水养殖系统中水质指标变化与菌群结构和基因功能的关系。结果显示,养殖池水质指标包括温度、溶解氧、盐度、pH以及氨氮0.11~1.16mg/L,亚硝酸氮0.10~0.66mg/L,硝酸氮0.84~35.40mg/L均在安全范围内;经过63d养殖,凡纳滨对虾平均体重达到11.78g左右,产量为3.28kg/m³左右,存活率为69.59%左右。菌群结构与功能分析结果显示:在开始运行期与水质变化平稳期生物滤池中菌群结构差异较大。在开始运行期海杆菌属(31.37%)占绝对优势,而在平稳期则以分枝杆菌属(6.65%)、分枝菌酸杆菌属(6.39%)、食烷菌属(5.21%)、海杆菌属(3.36%)、中慢生根瘤菌属(2.30%)、红杆菌属(1.34%)、副球菌属(1.29%)等反硝化细菌和硝化杆菌属(1.17%)占据优势。通过比对KEGG数据库发现涉及碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢的蛋白数目最多,说明异养反硝化菌需要利用多种碳源来执行反硝化功能。  相似文献   

考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域海-气界面CO₂交换通量的时空变化     

彭鹏飞  马媛  史荣君  王迪  许欣  颜彬 《海洋科学》2022,46(10):140-149

根据2018年7月、11月和2019年1月、4月对广东考洲洋牡蛎养殖海域进行4个季节调查获得的pH、溶解无机碳(DIC)、水温、盐度、溶解氧(DO)及叶绿素a(Chla)等数据,估算该区域表层海水溶解无机碳体系各分量的浓度、初级生产力(P_P)、表层海水CO₂分压[p(CO₂)]和海-气界面CO₂交换通量(F_CO2),分析牡蛎养殖活动对养殖区碳循环的影响。结果表明:牡蛎养殖区表层海水中Chla、DIC、HCO₃^–和P_P显著低于非养殖区;养殖淡季表层海水中pH、DO、DIC、HCO₃^–、和CO₃^2–显著大于养殖旺季,养殖旺季的p(CO₂)和F_CO2显著大于养殖淡季。牡蛎养殖区表层海水夏季、秋季、冬季和春季的海-气界面CO₂交换通量F_CO2平均值分别是(42.04±9.56)、(276.14±52.55)、(–11.59±18.15)和(–13.02±6.71)mmol/(m²·d),冬季各站位F_CO2值离散度较大,其中位数是–10.73mmol/(m²·d)。在全年尺度,表层海水p(CO₂)及F_CO2与水温呈显著正相关,与盐度呈显著负相关。在非养殖区,浮游植物光合作用可能对影响表层海水p(CO₂)及F_CO2起主导作用。养殖牡蛎钙化、呼吸作用等生理因素释放的CO₂对表层海水p(CO₂)及F_CO2未产生显著影响。考洲洋养殖海域养殖旺季为CO₂的源,养殖淡季整体为CO₂的弱汇。  相似文献   

小球藻对不同盐度海水养殖尾水的净化效果研究     

宋元照  李佳蕙  董晓晓  杜文勇  姜海滨  李贤  李军 《海洋科学》2022,46(11):126-138

微藻处理养殖尾水已成为热点研究方向,有关一定盐度范围内海水养殖尾水的微藻处理研究较少。本试验调配了两种盐度(16和26)的海水养殖尾水,以空白组作对照,设置小球藻(Chlorella salina)初始接种密度梯度(5×10⁵、1×10⁶、2×10⁶和3×10⁶个/mL),研究小球藻对海水养殖尾水中不同形态氮和磷的去除效果。结果表明,小球藻在海水养殖尾水中生长良好,可有效去除尾水中的氮磷营养盐,16盐度组中各初始藻密度组对NH₄⁺、NO₃^-和总溶解态氮(total dissolved nitrogen,TDN)的去除率分别为85.03%~85.87%、60.87%~63.70%和54.53%~57.64%,组间无显著差异(P>0.05);26盐度组中除5×10⁵组外,其余藻密度组对NH₄⁺、NO₃^-和TDN的去除率分别为87.23%~88.16%、56.70%~57.79%和53.31%~54.62%,且组间无显著差异(P>0.05),表明小球藻初始接种密度对尾水中氮盐的去除无显著影响。除5×10⁵个/mL组外,16与26盐度组中对TDN的去除率无显著差异,表明盐度变化对氮的去除无影响。随着初始藻密度的升高,16和26处理组对总溶解态磷(total dissolved phosphorus,TDP)的去除率均上升,分别为76.13%~99.53%和63.72%~96.83%,表明藻初始接种密度的升高可促进尾水中磷的去除,且盐度升高没有影响小球藻对磷的去除。本研究获得了不同初始接种密度小球藻对一定盐度范围的海水养殖尾水的吸收利用特点,可为海水养殖尾水的生态化处理提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

噬菌体在水产养殖中治疗细菌感染的研究进展和挑战     

龚梦馨  李明源 《海洋科学》2022,46(11):160-166

高密度、集约化水产养殖业的发展导致疾病不断发生并呈现日趋严重之势,同时,由于细菌对传统抗生素产生耐药性而使抗生素的使用受到越来越多的限制,世界各国科学家都在致力于研究替代抗生素的新疗法。噬菌体因为可以特异性地杀死某些细菌,对动、植物以及环境都没有副作用,因此,在水产养殖病害防治中呈现良好的应用前景。本文从噬菌体的特异性、安全性、赋形方法以及对环境的影响等方面对国内外水产养殖中的噬菌体治疗研究现状和存在的主要问题进行了简要论述,为了解学科进展,促进噬菌体在治疗中的成功使用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

紫贻贝养殖产业的现状、问题与对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘明坤  阙华勇  张国范  李莉 《海洋科学》2022,46(3):135-144

为全面系统地了解中国紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)养殖产业情况,作者从养殖产量、养殖面积、进出口贸易、养殖生产等方面概述了紫贻贝产业现状,对中国紫贻贝养殖业的种质资源、苗种生产方式、养殖生产流程、养殖方式等进行了综述,并针对紫贻贝养殖中存在的问题,从种质资源、养殖模式、设施设备、食品安全控...  相似文献   

An individual-based population dynamic model for estimating biomass yield and nutrient fluxes through an off-shore mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farm     

Daniele Brigolin  Gabriele Dal Maschio  Federico Rampazzo  Michele Giani  Roberto Pastres 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus through an off-shore long-line Mytilus galloprovincialis farm during a typical rearing cycle were estimated by combining a simple population dynamic model, based on a new individual model, and a set of field data, concerning the composition of the seston, as well as that of mussel meat and faeces. The individual model, based on an energy budget, was validated against a set of original field data, which were purposely collected from July 2006 to May 2007 in the North-Western Adriatic Sea (Italy) and was further tested using historical data. The model was upscaled to the population level by means of a set of Monte Carlo simulations, which were used for estimating the size structure of the population. The daily fluxes of C, N and P associated with mussel filtration, excretion and faeces and pseudo-faeces production were integrated over the 10-month-long rearing cycle and compared with the total amount of C, N and P removed by harvesting. The results indicate that the individual model compares well with an existing literature model and provides reliable estimations of the growth of mussel specimen over a range of trophic conditions which are typical of the Northern Adriatic Sea coastal area. The results of the budget calculation indicate that, even though the harvest represents a net removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from the ecosystem, the mussel farm increases the retention time of both nutrients in the coastal area, via the deposition of faeces and pseudo-faeces on the sea-bed. In fact, the amount of nitrogen associated with deposition is approximately twice the harvested one and the amount of phosphorus is approximately five times higher. These findings are in qualitative agreement with the results of literature budget and model calculations carried out in a temperate coastal embayment. This agreement suggests that the proper assessment of the overall effect of long-line mussel farming on both the benthic and pelagic ecosystem asks for an integrated modelling approach, which should include the dynamic of early diagenesis processes, as well as of that of nutrients released from the surface sediment.  相似文献   

Temperature and light tolerance of representative brown, green and red algae in tumble culture revealed by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PANG Shaojun  SHAN Tifeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):137-146

Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Ulva lactuca, Grateloupia turuturu and Palmaria palmata are suitable species that fit the requirements of a seaweed-animal integrated aquaculture system in terms of their viable biomass, rapid growth and promising nutrient uptake rates. In this investigation, the responses of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield of the five algal species in tumble culture were assessed at a temperature range of 10 - 30℃. The results revealed that Ulva lactuca was the most resistant species to high temperature, withstanding 30℃ for 4 h without apparent decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . While the arctic alga Palmaria palmata was the most vulnerable one, showing significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield at 25℃ for 2 h. The cold-water species Laminaria japonica, however, demonstrated strong ability to cope with higher temperature （24 -26℃ ） for shorter time （within 24 h） without significant decline in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield . Grateloupia turuturu showed a general decrease in the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield with the rising temperature from 23 to 30℃ , similar to the temperate kelp Undaria pinnatifida. Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yields of these algae were characterized differently indicating the existence of species-unique strategy to cope with high light. Measurements of the optimal chlorophyll fluorescence yield after short exposure to direct solar irradiance revealed how long these exposures could be without significant photoinhibition or with promising recovery in photosynthetic activities. Seasonal pattern of alternation of algal species in tank culture in the Northern Hemisphere at the latitude of 36°N was proposed according to these basic measurements.  相似文献   

基于改进内梅罗指数的东海中鹿岛生态养殖区水质评价          下载免费PDF全文

章鑫慧  刘好真  李进京  王春琳  王一农  刘懂  徐鹏 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(2):225-231

为明确东海中鹿岛生态养殖区水质现状,于2017年6月对该海区开展了水质调查,结果表明,中鹿岛海区NH_4~+-N含量、NO_2~--N和NO_3~--N含量的总和、PO_4~(3-)-P含量、pH、盐度和温度的最大值分别为0. 395±0. 011、0. 016±0. 001、0. 029±0. 000 mg/dm~3、8. 21±0. 00、32. 53±0. 05、25. 07±0. 16℃。选取改进内梅罗指数对中鹿岛海区水质进行评价,结果表明,该海区整体水质较为清洁,海区内侧水质水平分布差异显著(p 0. 05),存在明显的分块,其原因可能是由水产养殖活动分布格局引起;对改进内梅罗指数进行水层间方差分析的置换检验表明,改进内梅罗指数在水层间差异不显著(p 0. 05),间接说明海区水体垂向交换能力较强,有利于底部营养物质的交换,对于天然饵料的生长较为有利。  相似文献   

Experimental tests of genetic divergence of farmed from wild Atlantic salmon due to domestication   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

Fleming  I. A.; Einum  S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(6):1051-1063

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